High Frequency PCB Guide
A high-frequency PCB is a printed circuit board with a high electromagnetic frequency. High frequency is a frequency greater than 300MHz or a wavelength less than 1 m. Microwave is a frequency greater than 3GHz or a wavelength less than 0.1 m.
A high-frequency PCB is a circuit board made using specific methods on a copper board. A high-frequency printed circuit board has a frequency of over 1 GHz.
| Parameter Category | Parameter Item | Typical Value/Range |
|---|---|---|
| Line Width/Spacing | Minimum Line Width | 3-4mil |
| Minimum Spacing | 3-4mil | |
| Line Width Tolerance | ±1-2mil | |
| Material Parameters | Dielectric Constant(Dk) | 2.8-3.5 |
| Dissipation Factor(Df) | 0.001-0.003 | |
| Material Thickness Tolerance | ±10% | |
| Drilling Capability | Minimum Hole Diameter | 0.2-0.25mm |
| Hole Diameter Tolerance | ±0.075mm | |
| Hole Position Accuracy | ±0.075mm | |
| Aspect Ratio | 8:1-10:1 | |
| Impedance Control | Impedance Tolerance | ±8-10% |
| Differential Impedance Tolerance | ±10% | |
| Copper Thickness | Outer Layer Copper | 0.5-2oz |
| Inner Layer Copper | 0.5-1oz | |
| Copper Thickness Tolerance | ±10% | |
| Layer Registration | Layer-to-Layer Registration | ±0.075mm |
| Drill-to-Layer Registration | ±0.075mm | |
| Surface Treatment | Surface Roughness Ra | <0.3μm |
| ENIG Thickness | 2-3μm |
Features of High Frequency PCB
High Efficiency
- High frequency PCBs have a small dielectric constant
- Small dielectric constant means less signal loss
- Lower energy consumption during operation
- Efficient heat distribution through advanced induction heating
- Environmentally friendly due to high energy efficiency
High Speed
- High frequency PCBs have a low loss factor
- Lower dielectric constant enables faster signal transmission
- Special materials maintain stable operation
- PTFE materials reduce signal loss at high frequencies
- Excellent signal performance across all frequency ranges
Large Adjustable Degree
- Widely used across different industries
- Flexible heating control capabilities
- Can achieve precise heating at different depths
- Supports both surface and deep heating
- Allows both focused and distributed heating patterns
Strong Resistance
- Excellent resistance to humid environments
- Very low water absorption rate
- Strong chemical corrosion resistance
- High temperature tolerance
- Good moisture resistance
- Superior peeling strength
- Reliable performance in harsh conditions
High Frequency PCB Materials
FR-4
- Most commonly used standard circuit board material
- Made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin
- Flame retardant (4-grade flame retardant)
- Cost-effective
- Easy to process and use
- Excellent electrical insulation
- Good structural strength
Rogers, Isola, Taconic, Dupont, and Megatron
- Suitable for high-speed signal transmission
- Especially suitable for applications with high impedance control requirements
- Low dielectric constant (Low Dk)
- Low loss factor (Low Df)
- Stable performance under high frequency, temperature and humidity conditions
- A good balance between performance and cost
- Suitable for applications above GHz
Teflon and flexible substrates
- Best performance but highest price
- Particularly suitable for signal speeds above 1.6 GHz
- Have very low dielectric constant
- Have very low dissipation factor
- Low moisture absorption rate
- Strong environmental adaptability
- Ideal for flexible circuit design
Application of High Frequency PCB
Mobile communication products
- Widely used in 5G base stations, smartphones and mobile devices
- Requires PCBs with low loss and high signal integrity
- Supports miniaturization and high-density component integration
Satellite systems, radio systems
- Used in satellite communication equipment, ground receiving stations and radio transmission equipment
- Requires extremely high signal transmission accuracy and reliability
- Pay special attention to anti-interference performance and environmental adaptability
Military and aerospace
- Applied to radar systems, navigation equipment and avionics
- Need to meet the requirements of stable operation under extreme environmental conditions
- Has the characteristics of high reliability and long service life
RF microwave
- Used in microwave communication equipment, RF power amplifiers and antenna systems
- Requires PCB materials to have excellent high-frequency characteristics and low loss
- Requires precise impedance control and signal integrity
High-density interconnect and high-speed design applications
- Applied to servers, high-performance computing devices and data centers
- Supports multi-layer wiring and fine line design to achieve high-density wiring
- Ensures the integrity and stable transmission of high-speed digital signals
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